Best Middle Eastern Politics
“One of the very best books to come out of the war in Iraq,” (Lt. Col. Dave Grossman, bestselling author of On Killing ), The Last Punisher is a gripping and intimate on-the-ground memoir from a Navy SEAL who was part of SEAL Team THREE with American Sniper Chris Kyle. “A rare glimpse into the mind of a Navy SEAL,” (Clint Emerson, New York Times bestselling author of 100 Deadly Skills ) Kevin Lacz brings you onto the battlefield and relays the tough realities of war. An instant classic that will be of enormous value to future warriors, scholars, and anyone who cares about our military and our veterans.”. (Lt. Col. Dave Grossman, bestselling author of On Killing). "[Lacz's] pungent, plain-spoken account has lots of butt-kicking and some tears, and serves to remind civilian readers again that war is another world...an unapologetic tribute to the habits and attitudes of the professional warriors of SEAL Team THREE...a late but worthy arrival to the Navy SEAL memoir genre." The finest story of a SEAL team in combat: alternately violent, thoughtful, funny and raw. Serving with the elite Navy Seals, Kevin faced bullets and bombs to stop terrorists from coming toward us. In The Last Punisher, Kevin tells his story in a compelling and earthy way that brings the challenges of the soldier to every page. "A remarkable tribute to the power of teamwork and a rare honest glimpse into a brotherhood where the stakes are life and death. (John Rocker, retired Major League Baseball pitcher and director of public affairs for Save Homeless Veterans).
Reviews
Find Best Price at Amazon"That said, I've never met Mr. Lacz so I have no personal connection with him though I learned, after reading his book that he apparently lives in my old stomping grounds in the Panhandle. I figured it would be like all the other books out there where authors talks more about their accomplishment, with perhaps some embellishments here and there, mix in a little CDI (chick dig it) lingo and presto "I'm a hero." Mr. Lacz gives the ground truth of war and the warriors who fight to protect our freedoms along with his own experiences, warts and all. The Last Punisher will put you under the helmet and in the books kicking of moon dust as you walk the streets of Ramadi. If you've seen the movies; American Sniper, Lone Survivor, 13 hrs, and so forth, you can easily visualize where Lacz is taking you. (Forgive me Dauber but Amazon censors). Lacz does not get into the politics of war save for the REMFs (get the book for the definition) who were calling the shots putting people in harms way oftentimes with poor judgment."
"A good account of the training and growth of Special operators."
"Continued thoughts and prayers for your fallen Brother's and their families. Be safe Brother!!!!!"
"Having just attended the 10 year anniversary of Marc Lee's death, I can honestly say everyone should definitely read such a touching, authentic and compelling account of one Teamguy's experience."
"After reading the whole book and reflecting on it I felt like Kevin was living in the shadows of Chris Kyle."
"While reading certain parts of the story where I'm caught up in what is happening and on the edge of my seat, the author would throw a description of for example the smell of their quarters that catch me and I laugh out loud."
"Got my kindle on a Friday after Prime Day, had a few books I downloaded to read for a short trip to the West Coast."
"While no man will ever have the legendary story of Chris Kyle I'd actually say The Last Punisher is a more well-written book than American Sniper."
From King David to the 21st century, from the birth of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam to the Israel-Palestine conflict, this is the epic history of three thousand years of faith, slaughter, fanaticism, and coexistence.
Reviews
Find Best Price at Amazon"Incredibly sensitively written and totally neutral, it magnifies the selfish, shortsighted stupidity that has occurred on a regular century basis, and with increasing frequency, over the past 3,000 years."
"Even the author, Montefiore, seems to appear as a character (through his incredible ancestors)."
"The print version includes not only pictures but ties the footnotes, which are very important to people like us who aren't familiar with the material, to the text."
"This is a very interesting, readable book for anyone - Jew, Christian, Moslem, or non-affiliated who wants to understand how, when, and why Jerusalem evolved over eons, and it's still front and center even today in geopolitical and religious issues."
"For businesspeople and politicians, this book explains Israel and the Middle East better than any I've read."
"There is little to glorify as today's hatred often focuses on our ritualistic differences representing some three percent of what really counts."
"Captivating and beautifully written."
"A trifle long but what a treat!"
In this compelling and evocative memoir, we accompany Mekhennet as she journeys behind the lines of jihad, starting in the German neighborhoods where the 9/11 plotters were radicalized and the Iraqi neighborhoods where Sunnis and Shia turned against one another, and culminating on the Turkish/Syrian border region where ISIS is a daily presence. In her travels across the Middle East and North Africa, she documents her chilling run-ins with various intelligence services and shows why the Arab Spring never lived up to its promise. A Washington Post 2017 Best Book, Guardian Best Politics Book of 2017, Christian Science Monitor Best Book of 2017, Publishers Weekly Best Summer Book of 2017, and. Minnesota Public Radio Best Book to Give and Get: Nonfiction Picks of 2017. "― Chicago Review of Books "Souad Mekhennet delivers a brilliant narrative of risky first-person interviews and encounters across the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe"― Elle " A much-needed cry of tough, informed humanism, needed now more than ever. "― Christian Science Monitor " At the top of my list: I Was Told to Come Alone: My Journey Behind the Lines of Jihad by Souad Mekhennet, a courageous Muslim journalist who risks her life to get the truth from ISIS leaders." "This excellent book is full of unexpected insights into the hazards of covering one of the defining issues of our age and the mechanics of Islamist terror and radicalization...Mekhennet’s clear compassion, a sterling quality for a journalist, means that the book offers real insight alongside a captivating, thriller-style read. "― Bookish "In her new book, I Was Told To Come Alone , [Mekhennet] combines memoir with in-depth stories about her reporting to create a complex portrait of identity, conflict and ideology... "A riveting memoir and a literary bombshell that effectively eviscerates every preconception, misconception, and prejudice readers have about the Arab world, I Was Told To Come Alone reinforces the singular significance of journalism, especially foreign journalism, at a time when it is facing its greatest challenges...Fearless prose that reveals bracing truths...Compelling, insightful, and shockingly relevant, Mekhennet's chronicle is a must-read and nothing less than a revelation. ― Kirkus Reviews "Riveting memoir.... in I Was Told to Come Alone: My Journey Behind the Lines of Jihad, [Souad Mekhennet] brings the reader along on her harrowing travels through war-torn corners of the world giving a human face to people often lost behind the headlines. If you want to truly understand the nature of the crisis facing the West in the twenty-first century, this is the place to start.”― Joby Warrick , Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS “ I Was Told to Come Alone reads like a thriller, as Souad Mekhennet takes us on a journey into the heart of the Muslim world. “If only every journalist with Souad Mekhennet’s culture-straddling perspective and access would write an incisive book like this.
Reviews
Find Best Price at Amazon"But even more importantly, she does so by freshly illuminating her own path as a journalist and evolving identity as a Muslim in the West with openness, kindness, humor, and candor that makes her story so compelling."
"Her tenacity and resolve to follow the story where it leads rather than map the narrative and then supply the evidence she prefers illustrates why the world continues to need trained and dedicated journalists. I would also be remiss not to point out that she crafts a story here that is almost impossible to resist: there are sections that Read like a an action thriller, and other portions that share deep grief and make plain t a myriad of sufferings."
"This book is enlightening in so many ways and tells a story that needed to be told to those of us who are baffled, horrified, and scared by the terrorism of radical Islam that pervades our world today."
"Everyone should read this book for a better understanding of why much of the rest of the world hates America and Americans so much."
"As I depened my journey into the book I felt enormous empathy and gratitude for the author's honest, searing and at times painful insights as she navigated both reporting on Islamist jihad as well as been a Muslim interlocutor for both the West and the jihadists themselves who followed her publications critically and in detail."
"I listened intently to this audiobook and loved it."
"Interesting insight into the Muslim world."
"Author provides a greater understanding of conflict between radical Muslims, Christians, Jews et al."
Best United Arab Emirates History
Award-winning journalist Jim Krane charts the history of Dubai from its earliest days, considers the influence of the family who has ruled it since the nineteenth century, and looks at the effect of the global economic downturn on a place that many tout as a blueprint for a more stable Middle East. In City of Gold, Jim Krane, who reported for the AP from Dubai, brings us a boots-on-the-ground look at this fascinating place by walking its streets, talking to its business titans, its prostitutes, and the hard-bitten men who built its fanciful skyline. While many think Dubai's glory days have passed, insiders like Jim Krane who got to know the city and its creators firsthand realize there's much more to come in the City of Gold, a place that, in just a few years, has made itself known to nearly every person on earth. Krane systematically tackles pretty much every important aspect of Dubai's past and present, with absorbing accounts of the city's history and the personalities and achievements of its charismatic rulers through to vexed contemporary issues such as human-rights abuses and environmental concerns, condensing a vast amount of detail into a compellingly readable roller coaster of a narrative.” ―The Rough Guide to Dubai. There is no better book about Dubai, and there may never be.” ―Jon Alterman, director of the Middle East program at CSIS, author of The Vital Triangle: China, the United States, and the Middle East. In City of Gold, Jim Krane traces the fascinating and long overlooked history of Dubai, from pirate battles and eccentric British explorers to the glittering spires of a metropolis that emerged from nowhere, in prose as spare and enchanting as a desert fairy tale.” ―James Hider, Middle East correspondent for The Times (London), author of The Spiders of Allah: Travels of an Unbeliever on the Frontline of Holy War. Jim Krane has written a fascinating account of a Middle East we rarely get to hear about. Jim Krane's book on Dubai's rise and fall--in this era of global financial crisis--is a cautionary tale for us all.” ―Lourdes Garcia-Navarro, NPR's Middle East correspondent".
Reviews
Find Best Price at Amazon"An overview of the UAE's brief recorded history is preamble to the larger story of how a fishing village that wasn't electrified until 1960 became the regional hub for transport, banking, media and tourism. Krane's near breathlessness in describing the planning and building of one seemingly impossible project after another is tempered in the second half by a more sober reflection on the exploitation of labor, abuse of the environment, and marginalization of the native population. Krane writes well and interviews widely but perhaps his greatest strength is his sensitivity to a textured narrative, of not being satisfied with a simple story, in presenting angles and opinions that are often contradictory. The unstated assumption among Dubai observers seems to be that of most economists, politicians and other social engineers - life is better when you have more money and more stuff. Krane talks to a 39 year old mother who during her lifetime saw Dubai grow from a town in which boys and girls played together each afternoon in the creek, to a heaving metropolis in which you can't safely walk across the street because of the traffic. Before the 2009 market collapse Dubai had bank-loads of money, some of which could have been diverted from the latest vanity project to help those who make important contributions to the state and society. Won't compassion for the environment, an equitable division of benefits, and a meaningful personal stake in society and in one's own life make living richer than another hotel, shopping mall, or skyscraper?"
"This is a well written, concise, very readable and fascinating portrait of Dubai and the United Arab Emirates."
"Rather than a puff piece or agenda-driven slash job, the author presents the positives and negatives of Dubai's breakneck development and allows the reader to form their own conclusions at the benefit of his research and commentary. Aside from a jab or two at former US President GW Bush, which seems a bit hackneyed and trite in 2012, the book was well-researched and unbiased, and managed the difficult task of remaining entertaining rather than reading like a graduate thesis."
"I read this book before and even during my visit to the UAE while lying on Jumeirah Beach at Dubai Marina."
Best Iraq History
In a thrilling dramatic narrative, awarded the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction, Joby Warrick traces how the strain of militant Islam behind ISIS first arose in a remote Jordanian prison and spread with the unwitting aid of two American presidents. In Black Flags, an unprecedented character-driven account of the rise of ISIS, Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter Joby Warrick shows how the zeal of this one man and the strategic mistakes of Presidents Bush and Obama led to the banner of ISIS being raised over huge swaths of Syria and Iraq. “Gripping … Mr. Warrick has a gift for constructing narratives with a novelistic energy and detail, and in this volume, he creates the most revealing portrait yet laid out in a book of Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi, the founding father of the organization that would become the Islamic State … For readers interested in the roots of the Islamic State and the evil genius of its godfather, there is no better book to begin with than Black Flags .” —Michiko Kakutani, The New York Times “Warrick charts Zarqawi’s rise from booze-swilling Jordanian street tough to one of the most brutal jihadists in the world. “A revealing, riveting and exquisitely detailed account of the life and death of Zarqawi, the improbable terrorist mastermind, and the rise of the movement now known as the Islamic State (also known as ISIS).” — San Francisco Chronicle. "A detailed, step-by-step narrative demonstrating how repeated miscalculations by the United States, Arab leaders and al-Qaeda wound up empowering the Islamic State ... Black Flags provides answers in this still-unfolding history of what happens when religious radicals try to outdo one another for the mantle of God’s favorite." Black Flags is an invaluable guide to an unfolding tragedy that must be understood before it can be ended.” —Lawrence Wright, author of Thirteen Days in September and The Looming Tower “Joby Warrick is one of America's leading national security reporters, so it's no surprise that Black Flags is the most deeply reported and well-written account we have about ISIS and its terrorist army.” —Peter Bergen, author of Manhunt: The Ten-Year Search for bin Laden from 9/11 to Abbottabad “Joby Warrick weaves Black Flags with the tradecraft of a spy, the mind of an investigative reporter, and the pen of a novelist. We should all thank Warrick for telling a hard truth the government will not want to hear: how U.S. policies helped give birth to the so-called Islamic State.” —Dana Priest, two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning Washington Post reporter and author of Top Secret America “Drawing on his unrivaled sources and access, Joby Warrick has written a profoundly important and groundbreaking book, one that reads like a novel, riveting from the first page to the last. No book better explains the miscalculations, wrong turns, and bad luck that led to the rise of ISIS.” —Rick Atkinson, author of The Guns at Last Light: The War in Western Europe, 1944-1945 “[A] crisply written, chilling account … Pulitzer Prize-winning Washington Post reporter Warrick confidently weaves a cohesive narrative from an array of players—American officials, CIA officers, Jordanian royalty and security operatives, religious figures, and terrorists—producing an important geopolitical overview with the grisly punch of true-crime nonfiction … The author focuses on dramatic flashpoints and the roles of key players, creating an exciting tale with a rueful tone, emphasizing how the Iraq invasion's folly birthed ISIS and created many missed opportunities to stop al-Zarqawi quickly.” — Kirkus Reviews (Starred Review) “Joby Warrick has written a penetrating and fascinating look at the birth and evolution of the world’s most violent terrorist network, ISIS, or ISIL.
Reviews
Find Best Price at Amazon"Another central character is King Abdullah II of Jordan, a leader I really admire in the fight against the extremists. I know a lot of people want to play a big blame game with the group, but really there is more than enough of that to go around, and the book doesn't shy away from it, but I felt like it was ultimately a very fair telling of where ISIL came from, and how they remain a threat today. Little side note: I could not help but trip a bit at a small bombshell about 3/4 of the way through the book, when it mentioned King Abdullah II talking with a gulf state counterpart that admitted agreeing with the ideology of the group and to having funded them!"
"We see how CIA works and how their information gathering network works, how politicians skew the fact to promote their personal agenda, how complicated to invade a country without thorough follow up plan , how angry and dissatisfied radicals in every place can be weaponized, how intricate and difficult foreign policy or strategy can be in the countries full of tribe , religious and violent conflicts."
"Book has 2 parts focusing on 2 psychotic leaders of the ISIS insurgency - - Abu Musab Zarqawi in Iraq and Abu Bakr Baghdadi when ISIS expanded into Syria. Mistakes -. --World's deadliest and psychotic terrorist--Abu Zarqawi-- walked free, mistakenly, through the gates of Jordanian prison as part of amnesty program. To add to the mix, Basher Al-Assad, a western educated, moderate Muslim confounded many by forcefully standing up against the Arab spring rebels who were simply demanding better jobs, change of few government leaders and better educations."
"It reads like a novel, but sadly recounts the rise of a cult created from the mind of a poorly educated and initially a mostly non religious man who used Islam to create the excuses for self aggrandizing power."
Best Yemen History
Untangling Yemen’s history before examining the country’s role in both al-Qaeda and the wider jihadist movement today, Clark presents a lively, clear, and up-to-date account of a little-known state whose chronic instability is increasingly engaging the general reader. The author illustrates her analysis with a string of vignettes drawn from her intrepid journeys into the remotest parts of the country . "An experienced foreign correspondent casts a timely light on the complex fissiparous, impoverished country now seen as a haven for Al-Qaeda. " Dancing on the Heads of Snakes makes. Yemen’s history and contemporary affairs accessible to the general reader. Clark tracks Yemen’s turbulent past and unstable present with a light touch, combining historical travelogue with investigative reportage. Dancing on the Heads of Snakes is a commendable addition to the canon of literature on Yemen and does what many previous books have failed to do: open up knowledge of a complex and often forgotten country to a much wider audience. "Untangling Yemen’s history before examining the country’s role in both Al Qaeda and the wider jihadist movement today, [Victoria Clark] presents an up-to-date account of a state that ought to be better known. The text, backed by numerous references and an excellent bibliography, will engage even those readers who are unacquainted with Yemen, its history and today’s complexities. She now works as a freelance journalist and writer, contributing to the Independent , Prospect magazine, and the Tablet.
Reviews
Find Best Price at Amazon"Great book - All that have an interest in the Arabian Peninsula should read this book."
"This is a very good book for those willing to have a better view on social, cultural and business environment within the Middle East with Yemen representing probably one of the extreme sides in a number of areas."
"It is well researched and contains aspects which might not be so well known (e.g. concerning the circumstances around the country's unification)."
"The book gives a view to a definite dysfunctional place."
"A great read on an issue and area of the world that could become the US's next "Afghanistan.""
"second time reading this book so I just bought it for my collection."
"Most important, she assumes that any patch of territory like Yemen that isn't controlled by outsiders should be a nation state (i.e. something that can join the UN, send and receive ambassadors, negotiate with businesses, NGOs and other governments, etc.). People who lived in more-or-less modern cities and who had some European-style education wanted a nation state. But the majority of the people I met were living in a feudal, tribal system rather like that which many Yemenis live in today, and this large collection of people felt no need for a nation state; their tribal customs and courtesies, and in particular their dependence on tribal leaders chosen because people respected them, satisfied their desire for government, and they resisted attempts to bring them under the jurisdiction of any central government. At one point in the book she conjectures that a particular set of people thought she represented the British government, and could therefore do them favors. At one place in the book Ms. Clark enthuses about the activities in the old Sanaa souk during the evenings; she found them exotic and fascinating."
Best Qatar History
Stunning photography pairs with informative and personal text by the wife of the most recent United States ambassador to Qatar to give Westerners traveling to Qatar on business or for World Cup preparations an inside understanding of this moderate Muslim country and the way it attempts to become modern and engaged with the world without losing its heritage. Diana Untermeyer worked in the White House during the George H. W. Bush administration and at the Christ Church Cathedral in Houston before moving to Qatar as the ambassador's wife.
Reviews
Find Best Price at Amazon"Qatar: Sand, Sea and Sky captures a vibrant desert kingdom on the cusp of change."
"An amazing book written with such understanding and appreciation of the people and country."
"I was entranced by this beautifully designed, illustrated, and written portrait of a country most of us have never thought of visiting."
"The pictures are splendid."
"Nice reminder of our time in Qatar!"
"very beautiful book, superb photos, excellent description of Qatar."
"Bought as a gift for my son, who had just been there."
Best Syria History
Every crisis that has ripped through this region in the ensuing decades, from the Yom Kippur War of 1973 to the ongoing intifada , is a direct consequence of those six days of fighting. Writing with a novelist’s command of narrative and a historian’s grasp of fact and motive, Michael B. Oren reconstructs both the lightning-fast action on the battlefields and the political shocks that electrified the world. Extraordinary personalities—Moshe Dayan and Gamal Abdul Nasser, Lyndon Johnson and Alexei Kosygin—rose and toppled from power as a result of this war; borders were redrawn; daring strategies brilliantly succeeded or disastrously failed in a matter of hours. A towering work of history and an enthralling human narrative, Six Days of War is the most important book on the Middle East conflict to appear in a generation. [Oren] has woven a seamless narrative out of a staggering variety of diplomatic and military strands.” —The New York Times. “With a remarkably assured style, Oren elucidates nearly every aspect of the conflict. “[In] Michael Oren’s richly detailed and lucid account, the familiar story is thrilling once again. [Oren’s] narrative is precise but written with great literary flair. This is the most complete history to date of the Six Day War of 1967, in which Israel entered and began its occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. While no account can be definitive until Arab archives open, Oren, a Princeton-trained senior fellow at Jerusalem's Shalem Center who has served as director of Israel's department of inter-religious affairs and as an adviser to Israel's U.N. delegation, utilizes newly available archival sources and a spectrum of interviews with participants, including many Arabs, to fill gaps and correct misconceptions. Further, Six Days of War is an attack on "post-Zionism": the school of politics and history that casts Israel as the author of policies that intentionally promote the destuction of Palestine as a separate entity and of Palestinians as a people, not least through the occupation that began with the 1967 War. About the nature of Israeli policy since the war, the book says little, but finds that "for all its military conquests, Israel was still incapable of imposing the peace it craved." Many books, e.g., Ahron Bregman's Israel's War: 1947-1993, Tibi Bassam's Conflict and War in the Middle East, 1967-91, and Eric Hammel's Six Days in June, cover a broader period, rely heavily on analysis, or fall short of objectivity.
Reviews
Find Best Price at Amazon"I lived for two years in Jordan in 1984-5, and could still feel the after effects of the war, and, at any rate, have always been fascinated by the fact that tiny Israel could win over the combined Arab states."
"I was a teenager when this war was fought and I was closely following the news in the build-up of tensions, the reporting of the days of war, the astounding result (compared to the statements in the newspapers prior to the war), and the commentary afterward."
"What a book!!!"
"So much of today's Middle Eastern challenges can be tied directly to the results of the Six Day War, so its essential for any attempt to understand what is going on."
"Great reading of the 1967 six day war in which the Israeli Armed Forces were bewildered by their success and the Arab armies distraught by their rout."
"The opening chapters lacked the engrossing thrill, but they gave necessary background and enabled the reader to enter into the nearly unbearable tension that the men involved experienced. I recognized some names, but struggled with a number of details and quotes from people that I didn't recognize and that lacked an explanatory tag--I couldn't always place which country the speaker came from, nor remember his position."
"The major players are brought to the fore with precision and insight that is rarely given in an age of 5 minute historians with Google and the dawn of the Internet age."
"I am always concerned that whenever an author writes a historical account, his or her bias bleed through the text in such a way as to skew the contents in one direction."
Best Oman History
While the Americans were fighting in Vietnam, a struggle of even greater strategic significance was taking place in the Middle East: the Sultanate of Oman guards the entrance to the Arabian Gulf, and thus controls the movement of oil from that region. Ian Gardiner is a historian and author.
Reviews
Find Best Price at Amazon"Very interesting because there are simply not many books which deal with the history of modern Oman so intimately."
"Very useful first-hand account at tactical level of the Oman insurgency."
"Want a great story!"
"Interesting insights into one of the most consequential conflicts of the 20th century that you never heard about."
"Whole book talked about my country ( Oman ), and it's revealed things wasn't know about it, the war started before I born."
"Excellent read."
"Great perspective on the little known Omani war from a British Officer on the ground in the early 1970's."
"Well written and well thought-out, humble in its proclamations and self-aware of its own story."
Best Turkey History
Published with a new afterword from the author―the classic, bestselling account of how the modern Middle East was created. “Wonderful...No book published in recent years has more lasting relevance to our understanding of the Middle East.” ― Jack Miles, Los Angeles Book Review.
Reviews
Find Best Price at Amazon"If you have dreams of quality international politics or agreements, this book will shatter them. Finding a quality map of the late Ottoman empire and modern middle east is essential if you're going to follow the campaigns, as the map is unfortunately devoid of any maps."
"This book gave me a much deeper understanding of the middle east and how we have arrived in the mess we're in."
"Fromkin has done an incredible amount of research to gather such an immense volume of detail about the political machinations of the combatants, victors and losers of the first world war and early post war period that have so materially shaped the political landscape of the Middle East."
"About half way through and I’m really appreciating learning the back stories all in one place."
"Terrific history of the period 1905-1922 with focus on The Middle East."
"Fromkin provides a thorough analysis of the collapse and Ottoman rule and the European reworking of those middle eastern territories into patchwork states wherein cultural, ethnic, tribal and religious rifts threaten to explode."
"No one daring to give political advice about the broadly defined Middle East should neglect this book."
"A lasting Peace in the Middle East requires vigilance and perseverance with a understanding and respect for all major share holders We cannot allow history to repeat itself over and over again without a copromise and continuation of hostilities and hatred."