Koncocoo

Best Organic Evolution

The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin's Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World - and Us
NAMED A BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR BY THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW , SMITHSONIAN, AND WALL STREET JOURNAL A major reimagining of how evolutionary forces work, revealing how mating preferences—what Darwin termed "the taste for the beautiful"—create the extraordinary range of ornament in the animal world. Deep in tropical jungles around the world are birds with a dizzying array of appearances and mating displays: Club-winged Manakins who sing with their wings, Great Argus Pheasants who dazzle prospective mates with a four-foot-wide cone of feathers covered in golden 3D spheres, Red-capped Manakins who moonwalk. Prum's attention never strays far from nature, and his writing [about birds] is minutely detailed, exquisitely observant, deeply informed, and often tenderly sensual." Anyone interested in science or art or sex—which is to say everyone—will want to read it.” —Elizabeth Kolbert, author of The Sixth Extinction “A fascinating account of beauty and mate choice in birds and other animals. "A major intellectual achievement that should hasten the adoption of a more expansive style of evolutionary explanation that Darwin himself would have appreciated." —Nick Romeo, Washington Post “A smorgasbord of evolutionary biology, philosophy, and sociology, filtered through Prum’s experiences as a birdwatcher and his diverse research on everything from dinosaur colors to duck sex. Through compelling arguments and colorful examples, Prum launches a counterstrike against the adaptationist regime, in an attempt to ‘put the subjective experience of animals back in the center of biology’ and to ‘bring beauty back to the sciences.’” —Ed Yong, The Atlantic “Prum’s career has been diverse and full, so that reading this fascinating book, we learn about the patterning of dinosaur feathers, consider the evolutionary basis of the human female orgasm, the tyranny of academic patriarchy, and the corkscrewed enormity of a duck’s penis. Combining this with in-depth study of how science selects the ideas it approves of and fine writing about fieldwork results in a rich, absorbing text . The dance Prum performs to convince you to take him on as an intellectual partner is beautiful and deserves to be appreciated on its own terms.” —Adrian Barnett, New Scientist.
Reviews
"It concerns Darwin’s “other” great idea: That sexual selection (SS) is an evolutionary force driven by arbitrary aesthetic choices, rather than by the environmental imperatives that drive natural selection (NS). (Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871). Darwin’s theory of sexual selection had two components: Male-male competition for access to females, and female selection of males based on preference for male behavioral and physical traits. Prum takes Darwin’s idea about female mate choice* and runs with it, arguing that: • Female mate choice is often based on arbitrary and aesthetically pleasing (i.e., sexually attractive) male traits rather than characteristics that show adaptive fitness; thus, sexual selection is essentially different than natural selection. • This dynamic causes coevolution of male characteristics and female preferences, because the male trait and the female preference for it are both inherited by their offspring. • This coevolution can readily lead to a “Runaway Process” in which females come to prefer and males come to display very exaggerated traits. Males become more attractive by evolving appearance and displays preferred by females, but also by not being sexually coercive towards females – because coercive males are unlikely to be selected as mates in these species. • SS is such a strong force that the results can run counter to the adaptive results of natural selection; i.e., sexual selection can result in reduced fitness. Prum argues strenuously that sexual selection is driven by perceptions of beauty and sexual pleasure rather than any utilitarian purpose such as finding the fittest mate; he sums up these ideas as “Beauty Happens,” or “BH.” Later in the book he adds “Pleasure Happens.”. Much of his material is well-argued and supported with very interesting empirical evidence, mostly about birds. He is very convincing concerning the arbitrary origin of many of the traits females prefer in males; this book will likely change the way you think about animal evolution, at least to some degree. The results are that human males are kinder and less sexually coercive, by a long shot, than most of our nearest relatives, and on top of that human males provide parental care, which no other great ape male does, not even the famously peaceable Bonobo. They all concern Prum’s animus towards the adaptationist viewpoint; i.e., the theory that evolved features (including mating displays) are essentially about fitness. Prum has convinced me that many mating criteria are arbitrary in origin--but he further argues, at great length, that most sexual displays provide no information at all about male fitness, and this seems highly questionable. Oddly enough, in his argument about the irrelevance of fitness Prum echoes various Victorian critics of sexual selection whom he had previously eviscerated. When Darwin published his theory of sexual selection, Wallace and others (all men) claimed that female animals were too insensate to recognize or appreciate fancy male traits. Prum says that if mate choice concerns fitness, every teensy element of sometimes very complex displays must have been naturally selected for the information it provides about fitness. If Prum were to show us mating displays that favor inept, unhealthy, or weak males as much as their fitter counterparts he would have a stronger argument. I can’t evaluate all the details of Prum’s dismissal (although see below), but I perceive a considerable irony – Prum’s SS displays look just like Zahavian handicaps to me. Per Prum, males have developed costly aesthetic displays in response to female preferences, just as, per Zahavi, they have developed costly handicaps to advertise their fitness to those same females. Prum says that the appropriate null hypothesis for the theory that mating displays are about fitness is his own Beauty Happens theory. I.e., to prove that displays are about fitness, experimenters must prove that displays are NOT about aesthetic sexual attractiveness. It is almost the same book as Prum’s regarding the components of sexual selection, including similar but much deeper material about humans, with one major difference--Miller is an adaptationist, and believes that those Runaway-process-arbitrarily-chosen-aesthetically-pleasing-behaviorally-remodelled display traits tend to impart information about fitness."
"pretty interesting, but long and boring in spots."
"These former iconoclasts are now revered names – E. O. Wilson,Richard Dawkins),Daniel Dennett, Hrdy, Pinker and many others. This second opus was not nearly as well received as The Origin of Species. Viz: the peacock's cumbersome tail is a signal that it must be a very healthy bird indeed to bear such a handicap and yet survive. He makes a strong case that (1) female choice operates among all bird species, though more strongly among some than others, (2) that male and female behavior co-evolved in ways that were (3) often unrelated to adaptive fitness – how well the birds could cope with their environment. One of my frustrations as a reviewer is that the opponents of books such as The Bell Curve and Climate Change Reconsidered talk them down, they seldom offer refutations. Discussions of the individual chapters are included as comments 1-3.. 1: Darwin’s Really Dangerous Idea. 2: Beauty Happens. 3: Manakin Dances. 4: Aesthetic Innovation and Decadence. 5: Make Way for Duck Sex. 6: Beauty from the Beast. 7: Bromance Before Romance. 8: Human Beauty Happens Too. 9: Pleasure Happens. 10: The Lysistrata Effect. 11: The Queering of Homo sapiens. 12: This Aesthetic View of Life."
"Some might think his ideas might go over the top in the second part of the book, but in my judgement, Prum doesn't even scratch the surface of the depth to which sexual selection has influenced human evolution."
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Darwin's Doubt: The Explosive Origin of Animal Life and the Case for Intelligent Design
In Darwin’s Doubt , Stephen C. Meyer tells the story of the mystery surrounding this explosion of animal life—a mystery that has intensified, not only because the expected ancestors of these animals have not been found, but because scientists have learned more about what it takes to construct an animal. “Darwin’s Doubt represents an opportunity for bridge-building rather than dismissive polarization—bridges across cultural divides in great need of professional, respectful dialogue—and bridges to span evolutionary gaps.” ( Dr. George Church , professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School and author of Regenesis ). “ Darwin’s Doubt is an intriguing exploration of one of the most remarkable periods in the evolutionary history of life.... No matter what convictions one holds about evolution, Darwinism, or intelligent design, Darwin’s Doubt is a book that should be read, engaged and discussed.” ( Dr. Scott Turner , professor of biology at the State University of New York and author of The Tinkerer's Accomplice ). “ Darwin’s Doubt is another excellent book by Stephen Meyer. It is a magnificent work, a true masterpiece that will be read for hundreds of years.” (George Gilder Technologist, economist, and New York Times bestselling author George Gilder Technologist, economist, and New York Times bestselling author George Gilder Technologist, economist, and New York Times bestselling author George Gilder Tec).
Reviews
"After reading Stephen Meyer's book "Signature in the Cell" I was curious why he would write about "Darwin's Doubt" or the Cambrian animal explosion in the fossil record."
"“Darwin’s Doubt” by Stephen Meyer is one of the most important books of our time and deserves to be read within any serious-minded curriculum dealing with macro-evolutionary history and theory. The majority of the book reviews macro-evolutionary theory (the origin is touched on but there’s a lot left out in favor of analysis of the science) up to virtually the present day (approx. Meyer, who grew up within the world of Neo-Darwinism and who authored the important “Signature in the Cell”, explains how he came around to belief in intelligent design as both the best explanation for what we know (and intuit) as backed by scientific principles and understandings about the origin of animal life but also about how intelligent design, so often decried as non-science by mainstream scientists who have been practically brainwashed into rejecting it, can stand as a true scientific explanation to life’s origins. In the end it isn’t terribly complicated as it posits that an intelligence is responsible for the creation and origin of animal life, and there are tremendously good reasons and supports for believing so, though this explanation will fail to satisfy many within the scientific community because they believe that it endorses religion and because they think that it takes their knowledge (or their control of what they think knowledge is) out of their hands and instead of their feeling that they have “all the answers” they end up in a big shrug of the shoulders. What he does, though, is not support any one religion (nor do I remember him identifying what particular faith he espouses) or even that the idea that a particular religion can be inculcated or should be interwoven into a scientifically based framework of understanding, but that belief in intelligent design does offer the potential for satisfying reasons for why life exists (whereas random chance does not as we are left to our own devices in the big, scary, cold and impersonal universe)."
"When one looks at the Cambrian Explosion from so many angles, you are asking yourself, "where is the tree of life?""
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The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin's Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World - and Us
NAMED A BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR BY THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW , SMITHSONIAN, AND WALL STREET JOURNAL A major reimagining of how evolutionary forces work, revealing how mating preferences—what Darwin termed "the taste for the beautiful"—create the extraordinary range of ornament in the animal world. Deep in tropical jungles around the world are birds with a dizzying array of appearances and mating displays: Club-winged Manakins who sing with their wings, Great Argus Pheasants who dazzle prospective mates with a four-foot-wide cone of feathers covered in golden 3D spheres, Red-capped Manakins who moonwalk. —Sam Kean, Wall Street Journal "Prum draws on decades of study, hundreds of papers, and a lively, literate, and mischievous mind . Prum's attention never strays far from nature, and his writing [about birds] is minutely detailed, exquisitely observant, deeply informed, and often tenderly sensual." Anyone interested in science or art or sex—which is to say everyone—will want to read it.” —Elizabeth Kolbert, author of The Sixth Extinction “A fascinating account of beauty and mate choice in birds and other animals. "A major intellectual achievement that should hasten the adoption of a more expansive style of evolutionary explanation that Darwin himself would have appreciated." —Nick Romeo, Washington Post “A smorgasbord of evolutionary biology, philosophy, and sociology, filtered through Prum’s experiences as a birdwatcher and his diverse research on everything from dinosaur colors to duck sex. Through compelling arguments and colorful examples, Prum launches a counterstrike against the adaptationist regime, in an attempt to ‘put the subjective experience of animals back in the center of biology’ and to ‘bring beauty back to the sciences.’” —Ed Yong, The Atlantic “Prum’s career has been diverse and full, so that reading this fascinating book, we learn about the patterning of dinosaur feathers, consider the evolutionary basis of the human female orgasm, the tyranny of academic patriarchy, and the corkscrewed enormity of a duck’s penis. Combining this with in-depth study of how science selects the ideas it approves of and fine writing about fieldwork results in a rich, absorbing text . The dance Prum performs to convince you to take him on as an intellectual partner is beautiful and deserves to be appreciated on its own terms.” —Adrian Barnett, New Scientist.
Reviews
"It concerns Darwin’s “other” great idea: That sexual selection (SS) is an evolutionary force driven by arbitrary aesthetic choices, rather than by the environmental imperatives that drive natural selection (NS). (Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871). Darwin’s theory of sexual selection had two components: Male-male competition for access to females, and female selection of males based on preference for male behavioral and physical traits. Prum takes Darwin’s idea about female mate choice* and runs with it, arguing that: • Female mate choice is often based on arbitrary and aesthetically pleasing (i.e., sexually attractive) male traits rather than characteristics that show adaptive fitness; thus, sexual selection is essentially different than natural selection. • This dynamic causes coevolution of male characteristics and female preferences, because the male trait and the female preference for it are both inherited by their offspring. • This coevolution can readily lead to a “Runaway Process” in which females come to prefer and males come to display very exaggerated traits. Males become more attractive by evolving appearance and displays preferred by females, but also by not being sexually coercive towards females – because coercive males are unlikely to be selected as mates in these species. • SS is such a strong force that the results can run counter to the adaptive results of natural selection; i.e., sexual selection can result in reduced fitness. Prum argues strenuously that sexual selection is driven by perceptions of beauty and sexual pleasure rather than any utilitarian purpose such as finding the fittest mate; he sums up these ideas as “Beauty Happens,” or “BH.” Later in the book he adds “Pleasure Happens.”. Much of his material is well-argued and supported with very interesting empirical evidence, mostly about birds. He is very convincing concerning the arbitrary origin of many of the traits females prefer in males; this book will likely change the way you think about animal evolution, at least to some degree. The results are that human males are kinder and less sexually coercive, by a long shot, than most of our nearest relatives, and on top of that human males provide parental care, which no other great ape male does, not even the famously peaceable Bonobo. They all concern Prum’s animus towards the adaptationist viewpoint; i.e., the theory that evolved features (including mating displays) are essentially about fitness. Prum has convinced me that many mating criteria are arbitrary in origin--but he further argues, at great length, that most sexual displays provide no information at all about male fitness, and this seems highly questionable. Oddly enough, in his argument about the irrelevance of fitness Prum echoes various Victorian critics of sexual selection whom he had previously eviscerated. When Darwin published his theory of sexual selection, Wallace and others (all men) claimed that female animals were too insensate to recognize or appreciate fancy male traits. Prum says that if mate choice concerns fitness, every teensy element of sometimes very complex displays must have been naturally selected for the information it provides about fitness. If Prum were to show us mating displays that favor inept, unhealthy, or weak males as much as their fitter counterparts he would have a stronger argument. I can’t evaluate all the details of Prum’s dismissal (although see below), but I perceive a considerable irony – Prum’s SS displays look just like Zahavian handicaps to me. Per Prum, males have developed costly aesthetic displays in response to female preferences, just as, per Zahavi, they have developed costly handicaps to advertise their fitness to those same females. Prum says that the appropriate null hypothesis for the theory that mating displays are about fitness is his own Beauty Happens theory. I.e., to prove that displays are about fitness, experimenters must prove that displays are NOT about aesthetic sexual attractiveness. It is almost the same book as Prum’s regarding the components of sexual selection, including similar but much deeper material about humans, with one major difference--Miller is an adaptationist, and believes that those Runaway-process-arbitrarily-chosen-aesthetically-pleasing-behaviorally-remodelled display traits tend to impart information about fitness."
"pretty interesting, but long and boring in spots."
"These former iconoclasts are now revered names – E. O. Wilson,Richard Dawkins),Daniel Dennett, Hrdy, Pinker and many others. This second opus was not nearly as well received as The Origin of Species. Viz: the peacock's cumbersome tail is a signal that it must be a very healthy bird indeed to bear such a handicap and yet survive. He makes a strong case that (1) female choice operates among all bird species, though more strongly among some than others, (2) that male and female behavior co-evolved in ways that were (3) often unrelated to adaptive fitness – how well the birds could cope with their environment. One of my frustrations as a reviewer is that the opponents of books such as The Bell Curve and Climate Change Reconsidered talk them down, they seldom offer refutations. Discussions of the individual chapters are included as comments 1-3.. 1: Darwin’s Really Dangerous Idea. 2: Beauty Happens. 3: Manakin Dances. 4: Aesthetic Innovation and Decadence. 5: Make Way for Duck Sex. 6: Beauty from the Beast. 7: Bromance Before Romance. 8: Human Beauty Happens Too. 9: Pleasure Happens. 10: The Lysistrata Effect. 11: The Queering of Homo sapiens. 12: This Aesthetic View of Life."
"Some might think his ideas might go over the top in the second part of the book, but in my judgement, Prum doesn't even scratch the surface of the depth to which sexual selection has influenced human evolution."
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Best Zoology

National Geographic The Photo Ark: One Man's Quest to Document the World's Animals
The lush and unique photography in this book represents National Geographic's Photo Ark, a major initiative and lifelong project by photographer Joel Sartore to make portraits of the world's animals—especially those that are endangered. He has written several books including National Geographic's Rare: Portraits of America's Endangered Species , Photographing Your Family , and Let's Be Reasonable , a collection of essays from the CBS Sunday Morning show.
Reviews
"She loves the book."
"Gorgeous, large tabletop book."
"Beautiful book!"
"Absolutely amazing pictures and incredible record of species on our planet!"
"Beautiful beautiful book."
"EXCELLENT. 25 YRS OF WORK IN ATTEMPT TO PHOTO AND RECORD ENDANGERED SPECIE ON THI PLANET."
"Beautiful photos as are all NG photos."
"This book is beautiful!"
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Best Developmental Biology

The Black Swan: Second Edition: The Impact of the Highly Improbable: With a new section: "On Robustness and Fragility" (Incerto)
In this groundbreaking and prophetic book, Taleb shows in a playful way that Black Swan events explain almost everything about our world, and yet we—especially the experts—are blind to them. Bestselling author Nassim Nicholas Taleb continues his exploration of randomness in his fascinating new book, The Black Swan , in which he examines the influence of highly improbable and unpredictable events that have massive impact. Now consider the typical stock market report: "Today investors bid shares down out of concern over Iranian oil production." Nassim Nicholas Taleb first made this argument in Fooled by Randomness, an engaging look at the history and reasons for our predilection for self-deception when it comes to statistics. The problem, Nassim explains, is that we place too much weight on the odds that past events will repeat (diligently trying to follow the path of the "millionaire next door," when unrepeatable chance is a better explanation). Nassim argues that most of the really big events in our world are rare and unpredictable, and thus trying to extract generalizable stories to explain them may be emotionally satisfying, but it's practically useless. Our assumptions grow out of the bell-curve predictability of what he calls "Mediocristan," while our world is really shaped by the wild powerlaw swings of "Extremistan."
Reviews
"An informative and critical view of the current state of our financial markets."
"This book has given me new ways to work through decisions."
"Author's ability to present complicated concepts in entertaining way makes this book joy to read."
"I have seen a few Black Swan events in my life and this book pointed how just how many there can be."
"Good book."
"He makes a basic point often forgotten, which is that in the domain of human affairs, there are different principles that govern risk."
"This is a brilliantly written book, which might, at first, irritate you with its straightforwardness but then you will find a lot of your thoughts in it and many questions answered."
"Massively unexpected stuff will hit the fan, and this book tries to make sense of it all, and offers a predictive, 'awareness' framework."
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Best General Sexual Health

Taking Charge of Your Fertility, 20th Anniversary Edition: The Definitive Guide to Natural Birth Control, Pregnancy Achievement, and Reproductive Health
In celebration of its 20th anniversary, a thoroughly revised and expanded edition of the leading book on fertility and women’s reproductive health. “This beautifully written guide to a woman’s fertility signs is packed with knowledge, wisdom and humor—a must for the bookshelf.” (Co-authors of The New Our Bodies, Ourselves).
Reviews
"Every woman should know exactly how their bodies work and this book def opened my eyes. I also find that charting both bbt and cervical fluid works better than any ovulation app or period tracker. Its also a very helpful tool for your gyno so they can better pinpoint if there is an issue with ttc or another reproductive problem."
"Extremely informative book, good to use as a reference."
"I’m learning so much about my body and can’t stop raving about all the insight!"
"This book is so educational."
"So much great information, presented in a very clear and easy to understand way!"
"I would highly recommend this for ANY woman....whether you are trying to not get pregnant, trying to get pregnant, or just want to have more information about the body you are living in!"
"This book is AMAZING!"
"The book to get AND read."
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Best Game Theory

A Beautiful Mind
In this powerful and dramatic biography Sylvia Nasar vividly recreates the life of a mathematical genius whose career was cut short by schizophrenia and who, after three decades of devastating mental illness, miraculously recovered and was honored with a Nobel Prize. Sylvia Nasar is the author of the bestselling A Beautiful Mind , which won the National Book Critics Circle Award for biography.
Reviews
"Mirroring the arc of Nash’s own life, Nassar splits the book into several parts: the first part covers Nash’s early life and mathematical blossoming; the second part elucidates his burgeoning relationships and the importance of connections to the outside world, as well as his growing star and significant mathematical contributions. The third section delves into some of the roots of his coming mental illness, both in terms of mathematical failures and turmoil within his personal life, as well as the first acute symptoms and subsequent hospitalization. The fourth part dives deeply into his downfall and plunge into mental illness, with the psychological reasoning and process behind it."
"The book that inspired the movie."
"Nasar does a good job of telling the story without bogging down in mathematical terms."
"I appreciated this book for the depth of historical perspective it offered about mathematics, John Nash's struggle with schizophrenia, and the politics involved in the Nobel prizes."
"John Nash, the heralded math genius who would be around 83 years old now, fathered a son with the same illness."
"I purchased this book in order to learn about John Nash, Jr.'s life. Instead I found a book that rambled on about all sorts of others, but frequently it took pages and pages to get to John Nash, Jr.'s name or anything that related to him."
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